Understanding Child Psychology

Talk about child psychology, Erikson's Developmental Psychology Expert focuses on the psychosocial development from childhood to adulthood in eight stages.

Keep in mind, each person will go through stages and each stage will have positive and negative experiences. A healthy personality would be obtained if one can pass through a crisis in development tasks well.

On the theory of child psychology, parenting babies need a loving, so she felt safe. Inconsistency and rejection in infancy will lead to distrust of caregivers continues on others and the wider environment.

During an early age, many things that attracted so mambuatnya always wanted to try, although sometimes at a dangerous thing. At this stage, adults must provide support. Erikson warned that the restrictions and excessive criticism will lead to a growing sense of doubt on her ability.

Research on child psychology, which focuses on intelligence chapter, further express the concept of intelligence Gardner Plural or Multiple intelligence (MI). Gardner identifies intelligence as the ability to find and search for solutions and form a product that has seen the value of one's culture.

The seven intelligences are: Linguistic, logical, mathematical, spatial, kinesthetic, musical, intrapersonal, interpersonal and naturalist. Every person has a different potential. Each can be developed at some stage.

Crying for hours

Related child psychology, maybe you'll find your child cry for hours. Key alleviate child cries and screams were to be calm and do not need to rush. Parents who appear nervous or harbored anger would be difficult to accept the condition that the child was also uncomfortable with his own tears.

Children need a quiet figure, and able to control his emotions. Control your emotions will create a tolerance space any additional response to be issued a child. The crying child music sound beautiful nature.

According to Hans Grothe, a development psychologist from Germany, was crying and screaming tantrums child was not related to age. Not only 2-year-olds who do, the age of 3 or 5 years sometimes still do.

highest frequency is at the age of 2 years. According to him, there are 3 keys to ease the crying child that is calm, tranquility and calmness. Of course in three levels of different.

This capability is not simply fall from the sky, but the parents should be trained and learn to see the reaction of the child. This is the need for parents to understand child psychology.

It must be understood, being a parent is like a researcher in the laboratory. Trying a parenting formula, solving problems in accordance with the culture and then see the reaction to the tested formula.

If no suitable and bad reaction, it must be tried out another formula to match. And usually a suitable formula for one child may not be suitable for other children. So practice and learn to become researchers is the duty of parents to successfully educate their children. You will learn about the psychology of children who have no end.

Child Health Tips

Every parent must have wanted to give the best for your baby. Including in terms of health. Unfortunately, there is still much to hang this thing medics. Brought a little sick to the doctor.

As a parent, you must have a basic knowledge of health, so knowing what to do to deal with your child's health problems.

Membincang health of children, with the advance of medical technology and scientific, the more solutions for a variety of diseases, both in terms of treatment and prevention. The most ideal is prevention, with no need to feel the bitterness of suffering from a disease or disorder.

Unfortunately, most people lack information about the early symptoms of a disease, so that precautions can be taken optimal. Likewise the lack of information on how to live a healthy life and development of children, from infants to toddlers.

Yet, today many of the health information you can get to easily, whether through print, audio, and internet. The more knowledge you, then you do not need to leave your child's health intact to medical personnel.

Your monthly budget will not be discharged only for medical affairs only. A healthy child does not mean that often visit the doctor!

Knowledge of child health will make you not be easy to panic when faced with your child experience health problems. Because most of these disorders cured by itself, can be solved at home and not harmful. Not seldom a good doctor will only say: "kok healthy children invited to the doctor!". Well, then why do you always worry when a child healthy?

If your child's health condition did require a doctor, try asking what's wrong and how action needs to be done. Remember, do not always your child's illness need medication. Remember, the use of any drug properly cause side effects.

Therefore, you do not need to rush to give drugs to children to treat the symptoms, and it would be wise to discuss the cause to the doctor. You need to understand, visiting the doctor is not always synonymous with efforts to provide medicine, but more appropriate to consult.

You also do not need to force the doctor to give medicine to your child. The more drugs, the more side effects caused. You need to know, in one study, children including the most exposed populations in treatment patterns that are not rational, especially in excessive antibiotics and administration of drugs and at the same time. If you want a major child health, then you do not need her throat with a variety of drugs!

Here are tips for maintaining the health of children:

* Keeping your child's food intake. Adequate nutrition, according to the age, weight and activity will improve your child's immune system so as not susceptible to disease
* Complete it with a multivitamin. This supplement contains essential vitamins (which can not be made by the body). When given the right - the composition and the dosage adjusted to the needs of the child - a multivitamin can help improve endurance, so not susceptible to disease transition.
* Make sure any food and drink into the mouth of a child is a guaranteed clean. This means that, in addition to more hygienic in processing and preparing food at home, persuade children not to snack at random.

Lessons in a Baby's Sleep

Few things are harder to endure in life than the sound of your baby crying himself to sleep. To this I came to the conclusion of, sitting on the back porch of our house just two days ago in a state of complete and utter guilt-ridden misery. My stomach was in knots and in my head waged a battle between the experts and my conscience as cries from my little one filtered through the open window.

The question is age-old: should parents gently rock, sing, comfort, even nurse their babies to sleep or should they be firm in putting the baby down awake and letting him cry it out if need be.

I was convinced I would be among those firm but loving parents who would be willing to put up with a little crying for the long term benefit. Indeed, recent research indicates that the health benefits of 10-12 hours of uninterrupted nighttime sleep for infants is threefold:

1) Infants are more capable of handling teething. Long, restful sleeps enhance their ability to cope with pain. 2) Infant are less irritable and cranky during the day. 3) An infant's brain development is enhanced to its fullest potential.

Indeed, first attempts to put my baby down for the night drowsy but awake ended in successful, restful sleep after 18 minutes of crying. The second night, he was in peaceful slumber after 10 minutes, and the third night, he merely closed his eyes and went to sleep.

Buoyed by what I considered our incredible and adept parenting, I decided to now concentrate my efforts on the morning and afternoon naps. Here is where I found myself outside on the back porch wracked with guilt. Not only did my babe not take well to the idea of being put down to catch some zzz's while the sun was still high, he downright took offence to the idea and wailed his protests for exactly one hour and 13 minutes straight. How could I do this to him? Where was I? How dare I leave him like this?

Alas, I am much humbled by the experience and, although he is able to fall asleep on his own at night, my little guy is still not able to do the same during the day.

And I've been asking myself, "Why should he?" This period in his and my lives is so fleeting, so precious and loving. Why must we hurry up and rush his independence along? Drs. Bill and Martha Sears wrote, "On the surface, baby training sounds so liberating, but its a short-term gain for a long-term loss. You cease to value your own biological cues, your judgement, and instead follow the message of someone who has no biological attachment, nor involvement in your infant."

Know Autism

Autism is a pervasive developmental disorder in children characterized by the disruption and delays in communication, interruptions in play, language, behavior, feelings and emotional disorders, social interaction, feelings of social and sensory disturbances in the feeling.

To learn more, you can observe yourself the following:

Disorder of autism in verbal and nonverbal communication

The ability to speak has been delayed or completely unable to speak,. use the word without connecting words with common sense, communicate using body language and can only communicate in a short time. Words can not understand other people. Like imitating words, sentences or songs without knowing what it means. He talks like a robotic monotone, not used for communication and expression level

Disorder of autism in the field of social interaction

Refuse or avoid face to face. Did not turn when called upon, so often thought deaf. Feeling unhappy or reject a hug. If you want something, pulled his hands of the nearest person and expect that person to do something for him. Not share the fun with other people. When playing away even when approached.

Disorder of autism in play

Played very monotonous and weird, look closely for a long time. There is an attachment with a particular object such as paper, pictures, cards or roll, continue to hold taken anywhere he went. If you liked a toy does not want another toy. Not like a doll, but more like a less interesting objects such as bottles, rubber bands, batteries, etc.. No reflection, no imagination in play, can not imitate his actions, and can not start a game that is play pretend. Often notice their own fingers, a rotating fan or the wind that moves.

Disorder of autism in the act

Often regarded as a happy child neatness, must put certain things in place. Looks hyperactive, often hurting himself like hitting or banging her head. Sometimes very hyperactive or extremely passive. Angry without good reason. Very much concerned with one thing, idea, activity or person. Unable to show common sense. Can be very aggressive to others or themselves. Sleep cognitive disorders, eating disorders and other behavioral disorders.

People with autism disorders in the feelings and emotions

Behavior themselves laughing, crying or angry with no real reason. Often raging out of control, especially if you do not get something desired, can even become aggressive and destructive .. Unable to empathize with other children

Disorder of autism in sensory perception

Feelings are sensitive to light, sound, touch, smell and taste from the start mild to severe. Biting, licking or kissing a toy or any object. When you hear a loud noise, closed ears. Cry every time washing her hair. Not feel comfortable when given a specific clothing. Palpation or do not like hugs, if worn often pulled away from.

Multifaktorial affected by autism. So far, there is still not exactly clear on the causes and risk factors. Prevention strategies is still not optimal. We have only limited preventive purpose of preventing interference, which occurs not more weight again, not to avoid. Further research is needed to clearly reveal the mystery of the cause of this disorder can be done so that later prevention strategies.

The Importance of Early Childhood Education

By definition, early childhood education is the level of education before basic education is a development effort aimed at children from birth until the age of six years that go through provision of educational stimulation to assist the growth and physical and spiritual development so that children have the readiness to enter further education, which was held in formal, nonformal, and informal.

Why early childhood education is important? Yes, because during early childhood is the golden period (golden age) for the development of the child to acquire the education process.

Based on our research, approximately 50% of adult intelligence capabilities have occurred when 4-year-old children, 80% had occurred when I was 8 years old, and reaches culmination when the child was about 18 years.

This means that developments occur within the first 4 years, as much with developments at the time of the next 14 years.

This golden period is the critical period for children, where the growth obtained in this period is very influential on the development of the next period, until adulthood. Understand, this golden period comes only once! If missing, it means that your chance had gone.

Therefore, early childhood education through the provision of stimuli (stimulation) from the nearest environment is necessary to optimize the ability of the child.

In short, early childhood education is one form of education that focuses on the founding and growth towards the physical development (fine motor coordination and gross), intellect (the intellect, creativity, emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence), socio emotional (attitude and behavior and religion) language and communication, in accordance with the uniqueness and developmental stages through which early childhood.

There are two purposes why should be held early childhood education, namely:

* The main objective: to establish the quality of Indonesian children, the children grow and develop in accordance with their level of development that have optimal readiness in entering primary education and through life in adulthood.
* Destination broadcaster: to help prepare children to reach the readiness to learn (academic) at the school.

The range of early childhood, according to Article 28 of Law No.20/2003 on National Education System paragraph 1 is 0-6 years. Meanwhile, according to scientific studies early childhood and family operate in some countries, early childhood implemented since the age of 0-8 years.

Here are some of the scope of Early Childhood Education:

* Infant (0-1 years)
* Toddler (2-3 years)
* Preschool / Kindergarten children (3-6 years)
* Early Primary School (Elementary Class Start) (6-8 years)

Currently, there are several providers of education units Early Childhood Education, including:

* Kindergarten (TK)
* Raudatul RA (RA)
* Bustanul RA (BA)
* Play Group (KB)
* Park Childcare (TPA)
* A type of early childhood unit (SPS)
* First Class Elementary School (class 1,2,3)
* BKB
* Integrated Service Post (Posyandu)
* Family
* Environment

Inevitably, early childhood education is a very basic education and strategic human resource development. No wonder that many countries pay great attention to this education.

Children Games

"The game is not separated children with childhood beautiful and exciting."
- Philosopher Children --

When we asked about childhood, we would happily tell you the exciting experience ever experienced.

Everything is so beautiful and exhilarating. Why? Because childhood is a time to play. Almost all of the activities or even the children are playing!

But there are still parents who think that play is the activity a waste of time. They would rather see their children learn to sit neatly, without fuss, rather than moving (moving) and sound (noice).

Playing an effective way to learn
In fact, if all parents knew and realized that the activities of the motion and the sound of children (can be called bemain) is the most effective way for children to learn something. Therefore, play is a fun activity for children.

Through games, children will experience a sense of happiness. With a sense of joy that the nerves / neurons in the brain child quickly connect together to form a new memory. That's why the children easily learn things through play.

The need to play

* Learning from the game (Learning by playing)
The game should have a value equal to learning. Children can learn through play (learning by playing). Many things can a child learn to play, keimanan between fine motor and gross motor skills greatly affect the psychology of child development. As Reamonn O Donnchadha in his book The Confident Child "game will provide an opportunity to learn to deal with personal life situations and learn to solve problems".
* Games to develop the right brain
Besides that, of course, children have the opportunity to test themselves against their peers and develop a realistic sense of themselves. Playing through permaianan provide opportunities for children to develop the right brain, which may lack the ability honed at school and at home.
* Games to develop patterns of emotion socialization and children in social play, children learn about the socialization menenpatkan himself as a social creature. Children learn the value of personal success when he managed to enter a group. When children play the role of "good" or "evil" rich kids will create emotional experience, the child will understand the feelings associated with fear and rejection of the situation he faces.


With play activities provide an opportunity for children to practice a sense of trust to others and the ability to negotiate, solve problems (problem solving) or just hanging out with people around him.

Game Type
Basically, all types of games have the same goal which is to play with fun! The difference is the influence or effect of these types of games. There are two types of games, namely: Games Active and Passive Games. Active and passive games iini should be done with balance.

* The game sports (sport):
For man, woman, exercise is no longer a game but something serious and competitive. But for children, sports can be a fun game that contains fun, entertainment, and play, but not too independent of the participatory element and the desire to excel.

In sports games children develop kinesthetic capabilities and development of motivation to show him keungulan (emphasis not on competition but on the ability) to give strength to himself and learn to develop themselves every time.
* Game fight (body contact):
These types of games including the modern game, but many parents and teachers looked at Skeptic and anxiety, is reasonable from a possible serious effects. This game is a kind of game that requires serious modifications to meet the needs of children will power.

This is healthy and positf for children, useful for testing the superiority and strength in the neighborhood. Type of game is to test the child's ability and thinking in the real world with all its consequences.

Passive game categories

* Games mechanical
Along with the development, and technological era major influence in the development of games for children. Sophisticated tools such as computer technology is no longer owned by adults, but has become a regular item for the children.

Various games or virtual games have been available in it (computer). Playing computer is not the same as playing with friends, children play alone with pleasure.

Negative side
The negative side of this game is the lack of mechanical attitude formation children to receive and give (take and give). Children take complete control over "playmate" and "the playmate" will do whatever the child wants. This control will cause a serious reaction if the child channeled in friendship in the social environment.

The positive side, however, the positive things children have computer skills that will take children as a means of life.
* Fantasy Games
Fantasy is a special game practice conducted himself. Children can be formed in accordance with the wishes of the world (imagination). Instead, parents do not force your child to always play with his friends because it would create the impression that the play itself was wrong.

Fantasy game other than the creative process capability mengembagkan right side of the brain, also for the formation of interpersonal intelligence (one of the eight intelligences multiple intelligence theory, Howard Garner)

child development

Become an important child development special attention to the parents. Therefore, the process of development of the child will affect their lives in the future.

If the development of the child escaped the attention of parents (without parental guidance and assistance), then the child will grow improvise according to the audience and approached them.

Later, the parents will experience deep remorse.

What are the stages of child development?
The development of children is all the changes that occur in the child's age, ie at the time:

* Infancy toddlerhood (ages 0-3 years)
* Early childhood (age 3-6 years)
* Middle childhood (ages 6-11 years)

Changes that occur in children include the following aspects of changes in:

* Physical (motor)
* Emotions
* Cognitive
* Psychosocial

Aspects of child development

1. Development of Physical (Motor)
Physical development (motor) is a growth process of a child's movement skills. Every movement made the child was the result of complex interaction patterns of the various parts and systems in the body controlled by the brain.

Physical development (motor) includes the development of gross motor and fine motor skills.

* The development of gross motor
Child's ability to sit, run, and jump, including examples of gross motor development. Big muscles and some or all members of the body used by children to perform body movement.

Gross motor development is influenced by the maturity of the child. Because the maturity of each child is different, the rate of development of a child may be different from other children.

* The development of fine motor
The development of fine motor movements is the development of children who use the small muscles or certain parts of the body.

Developments in this aspect of children affected by the opportunity to learn and practice. The ability to write, cut, and the block including the examples fine motor movements.

2. Emotional development
Developments in this aspect include the child's ability to love; feel good, brave, happy, scared, and angry; and forms of other emotions. In this aspect, children are influenced by interactions with parents and the people around him.

Emotions that will develop in accordance with the receipt of emotional impulse. For example, if children get outpouring of affection, they will learn to love.

3. Cognitive Development
In koginitif aspects, the development of the child appears on his ability to receive, process, and understand the information that reached him. Cognitive abilities associated with the development of language (oral or sign language), understand the words, and speaking.

4. Psychosocial development
Psychosocial aspects related to the child's ability to interact with their environment. For example, the child's ability to greet and play with peers.

By knowing the aspects of child development, parents and educators can design and provide stimulation and exercises to develop the four aspects are in balance.

Stimulation or exercise can not be focused only on one or some aspects. Certainly, stimulation and exercise were given to keep watching the child's readiness, not by coercion.